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The Chalk Circle
''Circle of Chalk'' (, sometimes translated ''Chalk Circle'', ''The Circle of Chalk'', or ''A Circle of Chalk''), by Li Qianfu (also transliterated as Li Ch'ien-fu, Li Xingdao, Li Hsing-tao, or Li Xingfu), is a Yuan dynasty (1259–1368) Chinese classical zaju verse play and gong'an crime drama, in four acts with a prologue.〔("Chalk Circle, The (Hui-Lan Ji)" ), ''Oxford Dictionary of Plays'', online at Enotes.com. Retrieved May 27, 2008.〕〔 It was preserved in a collection entitled ''Yuan-chu-po-cheng'', or ''The Hundred Pieces''.〔(''Das Fremde und das Vertraute: Studien zur musiktheoretischen und musikdramatischen Ostasienrezeption'' ), by Peter Revers, Published 1997 Franz Steiner Verlag, ISBN 3-515-07133-4, pages 212, 213. Online excerpt at Google Books retrieved May 27, 2008.〕 The Chinese language original is known for the beauty of its lyrical verse, and considered a Yuan masterpiece;〔("The Circle of Chalk" ) ''Masterplots'', Definitive Revised Edition, online at Enotes.com. Retrieved May 27, 2008.〕〔("Historicity and Contemporaneity: Adaptations of Yuan Plays in the 1990s" ), Wenwei Du, ''Asian Theatre Journal'', Volume 18, Number 2, Fall 2001, pp. 222-237.〕 a series of translations and revisions inspired several popular modern plays.
==Plot==
A beautiful sixteen-year-old girl, Hai-tang (also transliterated Hai-t'ang, Hi-tang, or Chang-hi-tang), is sold into a house of prostitution by her impoverished family, after her father's death. There she is befriended by Ma Chun-shing, a wealthy and childless tax collector, who takes her into his house as his second wife. She bears him a son, Shoulang, but earns the jealousy of his first wife, Ah-Siu. Ah-Siu accuses Hai-tang of adultery, poisons Ma, blaming Hai-tang for the crime, and claims to a court that Shoulang is her own child, so that she can inherit Ma's fortune. Hai-tang is arrested, and beaten until she confesses. As Hai-tang is about to be hanged, she is rescued by Bao Zheng in a scene similar to the Judgment of Solomon: Shoulang is placed in a circle of chalk between the two women, and each is ordered to pull; as Hai-tang can not bear to hurt her child, she is judged his true mother.〔〔("''The Circle of Chalk'' Character Analysis" ), ''Cyclopedia of Literary Characters'', online at Enotes.com. Retrieved May 28, 2008.〕〔("The Circle of Chalk" ), website for UK staging of Klabund adaptation. Retrieved May 28, 2008.〕〔(''Anna May Wong: From Laundryman's Daughter to Hollywood Legend'' ), by Graham Russell Hodges, Published 2004, Macmillan, ISBN 0-312-29319-4, page 96. Online excerpt at Google Books retrieved May 28, 2008.〕〔(), Paul G. Brewster, ''Folklore Studies'', Vol. 21, (1962), pp. 236-240, Asian Folklore Studies, Nanzan University. Online version accessed June 23, 2015.〕
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